![]() ![]() The contaminant is immiscible in water and multi-phase flow is simulated. The obtained numerical results indicate that using this simulation-optimization model provides accurate results at a less number of iterations when compared with the model employing the classical one-level ICA.Ī model is proposed to identify characteristics of immiscible NAPL contaminant sources. The performance and accuracy of the simulation-optimization model is assessed by solving a set of two and three-dimensional problems considering the effects of different parameters such as the grid size, rock heterogeneity and designated monitoring networks. To increase the diversity of populations, a new approach named knock the base method is proposed. Similar to countries in the classical ICA, these provinces are optimized by the assimilation, competition, and revolution steps in the ICA. The ICA in the second level is modified by dividing each country into a number of provinces (smaller parts). ![]() The first level consists of three parallel independent ICAs and plays as a pre-conditioner for the second level which is a single modified ICA. As the optimization model, a novel two-level saturation based Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) is proposed to estimate the parameters of contaminant sources. This model employs the UTCHEM 9.0 software as its simulator for solving the governing equations associated with the multi-phase flow in porous media. A simulation-optimization model is proposed for identifying the characteristics of local immiscible NAPL contaminant sources inside aquifers. ![]()
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